### Step 1 - Fulfill System Requirements
Start by setting up your system to install and run NSO.
To install NSO:
1. Fulfill at least the primary requirements.
2. If you intend to build and run NSO examples, you also need to install additional applications listed under Additional Requirements.
{% hint style="warning" %}
Where requirements list a specific or higher version, there always exists a (small) possibility that a higher version introduces breaking changes. If in doubt whether the higher version is fully backwards compatible, always use the specific version.
{% endhint %}
Primary Requirements
Primary requirements to do a Local Install include:
* A system running Linux or macOS on either the `x86_64` or `ARM64` architecture for development.
* GNU libc 2.24 or higher.
* Java JRE 17 or higher. Used by Cisco Smart Licensing.
* Required and included with many Linux/macOS distributions:
* `tar` command. Unpack the installer.
* `gzip` command. Unpack the installer.
* `ssh-keygen` command. Generate SSH host key.
* `openssl` command. Generate self-signed certificates for HTTPS.
* `find` command. Used to find out if all required libraries are available.
* `which` command. Used by the NSO package manager.
* `libpam.so.0`. Pluggable Authentication Module library.
* `libexpat.so.1`. EXtensible Markup Language parsing library.
* `libz.so.1` version 1.2.7.1 or higher. Data compression library.
Additional Requirements
Additional requirements to, for example, build and run NSO examples/services, include:
* Java JDK 17 or higher.
* Ant 1.9.3 or higher.
* Python 3.7 or higher.
* Python Setuptools is required to build the Python API.
* Often installed using the Python package installer pip:
* Python Paramiko 2.2 or higher. To use netconf-console.
* Python requests. Used by the RESTCONF demo scripts.
* `xsltproc` command. Used by the `support/ned-make-package-meta-data` command to generate the `package-meta-data.xml` file.
* One of the following web browsers is required for NSO GUI capabilities. The version must be supported by the vendor at the time of release.
* Safari
* Mozilla Firefox
* Microsoft Edge
* Google Chrome
* OpenSSH client applications. For example the `ssh` and `scp` commands.
### Step 2 - Download the Installer and NEDs
To download the Cisco NSO installer and example NEDs:
1. Go to the Cisco's official [Software Download](https://software.cisco.com/download/home) site.
2. Search for the product "Network Services Orchestrator" and select the desired version.
3. There are two versions of the NSO installer, i.e. for macOS and Linux systems. Download the desired installer.
Identifying the Installer
You need to know your system specifications (Operating System and CPU architecture) in order to choose the appropriate NSO Installer.
NSO is delivered as an OS/CPU-specific signed self-extractable archive. The signed archive file has the pattern `nso-VERSION.OS.ARCH.signed.bin` that after signature verification extracts the `nso-VERSION.OS.ARCH.installer.bin` archive file, where:
* `VERSION` is the NSO version to install.
* `OS` is the Operating System (`linux` for all Linux distributions and `darwin` for macOS).
* `ARCH` is the CPU architecture, for example, `x86_64`.
### Step 3 - Unpack the Installer
If your downloaded file is a `signed.bin` file, it means that it has been digitally signed by Cisco, and upon execution, you will verify the signature and unpack the `installer.bin`.
If you only have `installer.bin`, skip to the next step.
To unpack the installer:
1. In the terminal, list the binaries in the directory where you downloaded the installer, for example:
```bash
cd ~/Downloads
ls -l nso*.bin
-rw-r--r--@ 1 user staff 199M Dec 15 11:45 nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.installer.bin
-rw-r--r--@ 1 user staff 199M Dec 15 11:45 nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.signed.bin
```
2. Use the `sh` command to run the `signed.bin` to verify the certificate and extract the installer binary and other files. An example output is shown below.
```bash
sh nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.signed.bin
# Output
Unpacking...
Verifying signature...
Downloading CA certificate from http://www.cisco.com/security/pki/certs/crcam2.cer ...
Successfully downloaded and verified crcam2.cer.
Downloading SubCA certificate from http://www.cisco.com/security/pki/certs/innerspace.cer ...
Successfully downloaded and verified innerspace.cer.
Successfully verified root, subca and end-entity certificate chain.
Successfully fetched a public key from tailf.cer.
Successfully verified the signature of nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.installer.bin using tailf.cer
```
3. List the files to check if extraction was successful.
```bash
ls -l
# Output
-rw-r--r-- 1 user staff 1.8K Nov 29 06:05 README.signature
-rw-r--r-- 1 user staff 12K Nov 29 06:05 cisco_x509_verify_release.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 user staff 199M Nov 29 05:55 nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.installer.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 user staff 256B Nov 29 06:05 nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.installer.bin.signature
-rwxr-xr-x@ 1 user staff 199M Dec 15 11:45 nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.signed.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 user staff 1.4K Nov 29 06:05 tailf.cer
```
Description of Unpacked Files
The following contents are unpacked:
* `nso-VERSION.OS.ARCH.installer.bin`: The NSO installer.
* `nso-VERSION.OS.ARCH.installer.bin.signature`: Signature generated for the NSO image.
* `tailf.cer`: An enclosed Cisco signed x.509 end-entity certificate containing the public key that is used to verify the signature.
* `README.signature`: File with further details on the unpacked content and steps on how to run the signature verification program. To manually verify the signature, refer to the steps in this file.
* `cisco_x509_verify_release.py`: Python program that can be used to verify the 3-tier x.509 certificate chain and signature.
* Multiple `.tar.gz` files: Bundled packages, extending the base NSO functionality.
* Multiple `.tar.gz.signature` files: Digital signatures for the bundled packages.
Since NSO version 6.3, a few additional NSO packages are included. They contain the following platform tools:
* HCC
* Observability Exporter
* Phased Provisioning
* Resource Manager
For platform tools documentation, refer to individual package's `README` file or to the [online documentation](https://nso-docs.cisco.com/resources).
**NED packages**
The NED Packages that are available with the NSO Installation are netsim-based example NEDs. These NEDs are used for NSO examples only.
Fetch the latest production-grade NEDs from [Cisco Software Download](https://software.cisco.com/download/home) using the URLs provided on your NED license certificates.
**Manual pages**
The installation program unpacks the NSO manual pages from the documentation archive in `$NCS_DIR/man`. `ncsrc` makes an addition to `$MANPATH`, allowing you to use the `man` command to view them. The manual pages are available in PDF formats and from the online documentation located on [NCS man-pages, Volume 1](https://nso-docs.cisco.com/guides/nso-6.3/resources/index/section1) in Manual Pages.
Following is a list of a few of the installed manual pages:
* `ncs(1)`: Command to start and control the NSO daemon.
* `ncsc(1)`: NSO Yang compiler.
* `ncs_cli(1)`: Frontend to the NSO CLI engine.
* `ncs-netsim(1)`: Command to create and manipulate a simulated network.
* `ncs-setup(1)`: Command to create an initial NSO setup.
* `ncs.conf`: NSO daemon configuration file format.
For example, to view the manual page describing the NSO configuration file you should type:
```bash
$ man ncs.conf
```
Apart from the manual pages, extensive information about command line options can be obtained by running `ncs` and `ncsc` with the `--help` (abbreviated `-h`) flag.
```bash
$ ncs --help
```
```bash
$ ncsc --help
```
**Installer help**
Run the `sh nso-VERSION.darwin.x86_64.installer.bin --help` command to view additional help on running binaries. More details can be found in the [ncs-installer(1)](https://nso-docs.cisco.com/guides/nso-6.3/resources/index/section1#ncs-installer) manual page included with NSO.
Notice the two options for `--local-install` or `--system-install`. An example output is shown below.
```bash
sh nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.installer.bin --help
# Output
This is the NCS installation script.
Usage: ./nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.installer.bin [--local-install] LocalInstallDir
Installs NCS in the LocalInstallDir directory only.
This is convenient for test and development purposes.
Usage: ./nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.installer.bin --system-install
[--install-dir InstallDir]
[--config-dir ConfigDir] [--run-dir RunDir] [--log-dir LogDir]
[--run-as-user User] [--keep-ncs-setup] [--non-interactive]
Does a system install of NCS, suitable for deployment.
Static files are installed in InstallDir/ncs-.
The first time --system-install is used, the ConfigDir,
RunDir, and LogDir directories are also created and
populated for config files, run-time state files, and log files,
respectively, and an init script for start of NCS at system boot
and user profile scripts are installed. Defaults are:
InstallDir - /opt/ncs
ConfigDir - /etc/ncs
RunDir - /var/opt/ncs
LogDir - /var/log/ncs
By default, the system install will run NCS as the root user.
If the --run-as-user option is given, the system install will
instead run NCS as the given user. The user will be created if
it does not already exist.
If the --non-interactive option is given, the installer will
proceed with potentially disruptive changes (e.g. modifying or
removing existing files) without asking for confirmation.
```
### Step 4 - Run the Installer
Local Install of NSO Software is performed in a single user-specified directory, for example in your `$HOME` directory. It is always recommended to install NSO in a directory named as the version of the release, for example, if the version being installed is `6.1`, the directory should be `~/nso-6.1`.
To run the installer:
1. Navigate to your Install Directory.
2. Run the following command to install NSO in your Install Directory. The `--local-install` parameter is optional.
```bash
$ sh nso-VERSION.OS.ARCH.installer.bin $HOME/ncs-VERSION --local-install
```
\
An example output is shown below.
```bash
sh nso-6.0.darwin.x86_64.installer.bin --local-install ~/nso-6.0
# Output
INFO Using temporary directory /var/folders/90/n5sbctr922336_
0jrzhb54400000gn/T//ncs_installer.93831 to stage NCS installation bundle
INFO Unpacked ncs-6.0 in /Users/user/nso-6.0
INFO Found and unpacked corresponding DOCUMENTATION_PACKAGE
INFO Found and unpacked corresponding EXAMPLE_PACKAGE
INFO Found and unpacked corresponding JAVA_PACKAGE
INFO Generating default SSH hostkey (this may take some time)
INFO SSH hostkey generated
INFO Environment set-up generated in /Users/user/nso-6.0/ncsrc
INFO NSO installation script finished
INFO Found and unpacked corresponding NETSIM_PACKAGE
INFO NCS installation complete
```
### Step 5 - Set Environment Variables
The installation program creates a shell script file named `ncsrc` in each NSO installation, which sets the environment variables.
To set the environment variables:
1. Source the `ncsrc` file to get the environment variables settings in your shell. You may want to add this sourcing command to your login sequence, such as `.bashrc`.
For `csh/tcsh` users, there is a `ncsrc.tcsh` file with `csh/tcsh` syntax. The example below assumes that you are using `bash`, other versions of `/bin/sh` may require that you use `.` instead of `source`.
```bash
$ source $HOME/ncs-VERSION/ncsrc
```
2. Most users add source `~/nso-x.x/ncsrc` (where `x.x` is the NSO version) to their `~/.bash_profile`, but you can simply do it manually when you want it. Once it has been sourced, you have access to all the NSO executable commands, which start with `ncs`.
```
ncs {TAB} {TAB}
# Output
ncs ncs-maapi ncs-project ncs-start-python-vm ncs_cmd
ncs-backup ncs-make-package ncs-setup ncs-uninstall ncs_conf_tool
ncs-collect ncs-netsim ncs-start-java-vm ncs_cli
ncs_load
ncsc
ncs_crypto_keys-tech-report
```
### Step 6 - Create Runtime Directory
NSO needs a deployment/runtime directory where the database files, logs, etc. are stored. An empty default directory can be created using the `ncs-setup` command.
To create a Runtime Directory:
1. Create a Runtime Directory for NSO by running the following command. In this case, we assume that the directory is `$HOME/ncs-run`.
```bash
$ ncs-setup --dest $HOME/ncs-run
```
2. Start the NSO daemon `ncs`.
```bash
$ cd $HOME/ncs-run
$ ncs
```
Runtime vs. Installation Directory
A common misunderstanding is that there exists a dependency between the Runtime Directory and the Installation Directory. This is not true. For example, say that you have two NSO installations `.../ncs-2.3.1` and `.../ncs-2.3.2`. The following sequence runs `ncs-2.3.1` but uses an example and configuration from `ncs-2.3.2`.
```bash
$ cd .../ncs-2.3.1
$ . ncsrc
$ cd .../ncs-2.3.2/examples.ncs/datacenter-qinq
$ ncs
```
Since the Runtime Directory is self-contained, this is also the way to move between examples. And since the Runtime Directory is self-contained including the database files, you can compress a complete directory and distribute it. Unpacking that directory and starting NSO from there gives an exact copy of all instance data.
```bash
$ cd $NCS_DIR/examples.ncs/data-center-qinq
$ ncs
$ ncs --stop
$ cd $NCS_DIR/examples.ncs/getting-started/1-simulated-cisco-ios
$ ncs
$ ncs --stop
```
{% hint style="warning" %}
The `ncs-setup` command creates an `ncs.conf` file that uses predefined encryption keys for easier migration of data across installations. It is not suitable for cases where data confidentiality is required, such as a production deployment.
{% endhint %}
### Step 7 - Generate License Registration Token
To conclude the NSO installation, a license registration token must be created using a (CSSM) account. This is because NSO uses Cisco Smart Licensing, as described in the [Cisco Smart Licensing](https://nso-docs.cisco.com/guides/nso-6.3/administration/management/system-management/cisco-smart-licensing) to make it easy to deploy and manage NSO license entitlements. Login credentials to the [Cisco Smart Software Manager](https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/buy/smart-accounts/software-manager.html) (CSSM) account are provided by your Cisco contact and detailed instructions on how to [create a registration token](https://nso-docs.cisco.com/guides/nso-6.3/management/system-management/cisco-smart-licensing#d5e2927) can be found in the Cisco Smart Licensing. General licensing information covering licensing models, how licensing works, usage compliance, etc., is covered in the [Cisco Software Licensing Guide](https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/buy/licensing/licensing-guide.html).
To generate a license registration token:
1. When you have a token, start a Cisco CLI towards NSO and enter the token, for example:
```cli
$ ncs_cli -Cu admin
admin@ncs# license smart register idtoken YzIzMDM3MTgtZTRkNC00YjkxLTk2ODQt
OGEzMTM3OTg5MG
Registration process in progress.
Use the 'show license status' command to check the progress and result.
```
\
Upon successful registration, NSO automatically requests a license entitlement for its own instance and for the number of devices it orchestrates and their NED types. If development mode has been enabled, only development entitlement for the NSO instance itself is requested.
2. Inspect the requested entitlements using the command `show license all` (or by inspecting the NSO daemon log). An example output is shown below.
```cli
admin@ncs# show license all
...
21-Apr-2016::11:29:18.022 miosaterm confd[8226]:
Smart Licensing Global Notification:
type = "notifyRegisterSuccess",
agentID = "sa1",
enforceMode = "notApplicable",
allowRestricted = false,
failReasonCode = "success",
failMessage = "Successful."
21-Apr-2016::11:29:23.029 miosaterm confd[8226]:
Smart Licensing Entitlement Notification: type = "notifyEnforcementMode",
agentID = "sa1",
notificationTime = "Apr 21 11:29:20 2016",
version = "1.0",
displayName = "regid.2015-10.com.cisco.NSO-network-element",
requestedDate = "Apr 21 11:26:19 2016",
tag = "regid.2015-10.com.cisco.NSO-network-element",
enforceMode = "inCompliance",
daysLeft = 90,
expiryDate = "Jul 20 11:26:19 2016",
requestedCount = 8
...
```
Evaluation Period
If no registration token is provided, NSO enters a 90-day evaluation period and the remaining evaluation time is recorded hourly in the NSO daemon log:
```
...
13-Apr-2016::13:22:29.178 miosaterm confd[16260]:
Starting the NCS Smart Licensing Java VM
13-Apr-2016::13:22:34.737 miosaterm confd[16260]:
Smart Licensing evaluation time remaining: 90d 0h 0m 0s
...
13-Apr-2016::13:22:34.737 miosaterm confd[16260]:
Smart Licensing evaluation time remaining: 89d 23h 0m 0s
...
```
Communication Send Error
During upgrades, if you experience the 'Communication Send Error' with license registration, restart the Smart Agent.
If You are Unable to Access Cisco Smart Software Manager
In a situation where the NSO instance has no direct access to the Cisco Smart Software Manager, one option is the [Cisco Smart Software Manager Satellite](https://software.cisco.com/software/csws/ws/platform/home) which can be installed to manage software licenses on the premises. Install the satellite and use the command `call-home destination address http ` to point to the satellite.
Another option when direct access is not desired is to configure an HTTP or HTTPS proxy, e.g., `smart-license smart-agent proxy url https://127.0.0.1:8080`. If you plan to do this, take the note below regarding ignored CLI configurations into account:
If `ncs.conf` contains configuration for any of java-executable, java-options, override-url/url or proxy/url under the configure path `/ncs-config/smart-license/smart-agent/`, then any corresponding configuration done via the CLI is ignored.
License Registration in High Availability (HA) Mode
When configuring NSO in HA mode, the license registration token must be provided to the CLI running on the primary node. Read more about HA and node types in NSO [High Availability](https://nso-docs.cisco.com/guides/nso-6.3/administration/management/high-availability).
Licensing Log
Licensing activities are also logged in the NSO daemon log as described in [Monitoring NSO](https://nso-docs.cisco.com/guides/nso-6.3/management/system-management#d5e7876). For example, a successful token registration results in the following log entry:
```
21-Apr-2016::11:29:18.022 miosaterm confd[8226]:
Smart Licensing Global Notification:
type = "notifyRegisterSuccess"
```
Check Registration Status
To check the registration status, use the command `show license status` An example output is shown below.
```cli
admin@ncs# show license status
Smart Licensing is ENABLED
Registration:
Status: REGISTERED
Smart Account: Network Services Orchestrator
Virtual Account: Default
Export-Controlled Functionality: Allowed
Initial Registration: SUCCEEDED on Apr 21 09:29:11 2016 UTC
Last Renewal Attempt: SUCCEEDED on Apr 21 09:29:16 2016 UTC
Next Renewal Attempt: Oct 18 09:29:16 2016 UTC
Registration Expires: Apr 21 09:26:13 2017 UTC
Export-Controlled Functionality: Allowed
License Authorization:
License Authorization:
Status: IN COMPLIANCE on Apr 21 09:29:18 2016 UTC
Last Communication Attempt: SUCCEEDED on Apr 21 09:26:30 2016 UTC
Next Communication Attempt: Apr 21 21:29:32 2016 UTC
Communication Deadline: Apr 21 09:26:13 2017 UTC
```
## Local Install FAQs
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Local Install.
Is there a dependency between the NSO Installation Directory and Runtime Directory?
No, there is no such dependency.
Do you need to source the ncsrc file before starting NSO?
Yes.
Can you start NSO from a directory, which is not a NSO runtime directory?
No. To start NSO, you need to point to the run directory.
Can you stop NSO from a directory, which is not a NSO runtime directory?
Yes.
Can we move NSO Installation from one folder to another?
Yes. You can move the directory where you installed NSO to a new location in your directory tree. Simply move NSO's root directory to the new desired location, and update this file: `$NCS_DIR/ncsrc` (and `ncsrc.tcsh` if you want). This is a small and handy script that sets up some environment variables for you. Update the paths to the new location. The `$NCS_DIR/bin/ncs` and `$NCS_DIR/bin/ncsc` scripts will determine the location of NSO's root directory automatically.
***
**Next Steps**
{% content-ref url="post-install-actions/explore-the-installation" %}
[explore-the-installation](https://nso-docs.cisco.com/guides/nso-6.3/administration/installation-and-deployment/post-install-actions/explore-the-installation)
{% endcontent-ref %}